The negative effect of habitat fragmentation on local species richness has been largely documented for decades. However, the effect of such perturbance on the interactions between those organisms remains unknown. The loss of interactions between species often precedes the extinction of the organisms, as they do not live isolated in nature but interact with others. Therefore,  the loss of interactions is a good indicator of ecosystem perturbance and decay.  In this project, we aim to decipher the effect of the interplay between habitat fragmentation and life-history traits on the intimate interactions between fungi and algae. Do they become less specific? Do they lose partners? Does the effect of fragmentation on lichen symbioses depend on life-history traits?